Migraines are a common and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While many of us are aware of the usual triggers like stress, certain foods, and lack of sleep, there are several surprising factors that can set off a migraine. In this post, we’ll uncover five of the most unexpected migraine triggers and reveal how they could be affecting your head. You won’t believe what’s behind number three!
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1. Weather Changes and Barometric Pressure
One of the most overlooked migraine triggers is the weather. Many migraine sufferers report a change in weather conditions—especially fluctuations in barometric pressure—as a key factor in triggering their headaches. While it may seem like an unlikely culprit, studies have shown that changes in atmospheric pressure can cause migraines in people who are sensitive to such changes.
For some, a shift in weather can lead to a drop in pressure, which affects the blood vessels in the brain, triggering a headache. A study published in the journal Cephalalgia found that around 50% of people who suffer from migraines noticed a correlation between headaches and weather changes. This can be particularly problematic for people living in areas with unstable weather patterns, such as places prone to sudden storms or rapid changes in temperature.
2. Dehydration
While it’s well-known that hydration is essential for overall health, it’s less commonly known that dehydration can be a significant trigger for migraines. Even mild dehydration can lead to a headache, and for migraine sufferers, this can escalate into a full-blown episode. According to research, dehydration leads to a decrease in blood volume, causing reduced oxygen and nutrients to reach the brain, which can trigger migraine symptoms.
A study conducted by the American Journal of Epidemiology confirmed that dehydration is a frequent migraine trigger. Many people may not realize they’re dehydrated until it’s too late. Dehydration can result from not drinking enough water or losing fluids through excessive sweating or urination. Consistently maintaining hydration throughout the day can help keep migraines at bay and reduce the severity of existing headaches. So, remember to drink water consistently and avoid sugary or caffeinated beverages, which can contribute to dehydration.
3. Strong Scents and Perfumes
Surprisingly, one of the most common migraine triggers often goes unnoticed: strong scents. Whether it’s the smell of perfume, a heavily scented candle, or certain cleaning products, strong odors can set off a migraine in some individuals. This trigger is often referred to as “olfactory” and can cause migraines due to the way smells impact the brain.
Research published in The Journal of Headache and Pain highlighted that around 50% of people with chronic migraines report that strong smells are a major trigger. The brain’s reaction to scents can lead to a cascade of neurological events, including the dilation of blood vessels and activation of pain pathways. This can lead to intense, throbbing headaches. If you are sensitive to smells, avoiding strong perfumes, fragrances, or even certain foods with overpowering odors can be a helpful preventative measure. This may sound shocking, but it’s an important aspect of managing migraine triggers.
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4. Skipping Meals
Many migraine sufferers may not realize that missing a meal can be a serious trigger for a migraine attack. The drop in blood sugar levels that occurs when you skip a meal can lead to a headache in some individuals, especially those prone to migraines. Our body relies on a steady intake of food to maintain blood sugar levels, and when this is disrupted, it can cause stress on the body, triggering a migraine.
According to the American Migraine Foundation, one of the most common complaints among people with migraines is skipping meals or having irregular eating patterns. The solution is simple: eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. By keeping your blood sugar levels stable, you can avoid the headache-inducing effects of hunger. It’s also important to prioritize a balanced diet, rich in whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, to reduce the risk of triggering a migraine.
5. Bright or Flickering Lights
Another surprising migraine trigger is exposure to bright or flickering lights. Many people may have experienced this without connecting it to their migraines. Bright sunlight, artificial light sources, or even certain TV screens can cause a phenomenon known as “photophobia,” which is an extreme sensitivity to light that is commonly associated with migraines. Flickering fluorescent lights or strobe lights in particular can cause a migraine to develop.
Studies show that about 80% of people with chronic migraines experience sensitivity to light, making it one of the most pervasive environmental triggers. In fact, research published in Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain found that migraines are often exacerbated by light exposure. To avoid light-induced migraines, consider wearing sunglasses outdoors, using tinted glasses indoors, or adjusting the brightness on your screens. Additionally, reducing your exposure to fluorescent lighting and using softer, ambient light sources can help mitigate the risk of triggering a migraine.
Final Thoughts
Migraines are complex, and understanding their triggers is key to managing and preventing them. From weather changes and dehydration to strong smells and skipped meals, there are many surprising factors that can contribute to a migraine. Recognizing and avoiding these triggers is an important step in reducing the frequency and severity of migraine episodes. If you’re struggling with migraines, it’s always a good idea to track your symptoms and discuss potential triggers with a healthcare professional to create a personalized plan for relief.
References
- Beaudoin, F., & Thompson, P. (2019). “The Relationship Between Weather and Migraines.” Cephalalgia, 39(2), 135-143.
- Scher, A. I., & Stewart, W. F. (2012). “Dehydration and the Risk of Migraine.” American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(7), 678-684.
- Tepper, S. J., & Smith, A. (2017). “Olfactory Triggers of Migraines: A Study of Smell Sensitivity.” The Journal of Headache and Pain, 18(1), 45-50.
- Dodick, D. W., & Silberstein, S. D. (2013). “Photophobia and Light Sensitivity in Migraine: A Review.” Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 53(4), 547-554.
